Yadda Ake Saita Zafin Mirgina Mai Zafi Don Da'irar Aluminum Mafi Dace

Saitin zafin jiki don da'irar aluminum mai zafi shine ainihin ma'aunin tsari wanda ke ƙayyadadden ƙirar ƙirar samfur, inji Properties, Ingancin ƙasa, da ingancin samarwa. Madaidaicin tsarin zafin jiki dole ne ya daidaita halayen gami, damar kayan aiki, samfurin bayani dalla-dalla, da bukatun sarrafawa na gaba, daidai madaidaicin kewayon don “mafi kyau duka filastik, ƙaramin juriya nakasawa, microstructure mai sarrafawa, kuma mafi ƙarancin lahani,” yayin da ake guje wa al'amura kamar zafi mai zafi, ƙonewa, aiki hardening, da rashin haɓakar hatsi. Wannan labarin a tsari yana bayanin hanyoyin kimiyya da jagororin aiki don saita zafin mirgina mai zafi don da'irar aluminum, bisa tushen ka'idar, maɓalli na ma'aunin zafin jiki, m aikace-aikace ta gami sa, sarrafa tsari, da hanyoyin ingantawa.

1. Tushen Ka'idar Mahimmanci don Saitin Zazzabi Mai Sauƙi

Zaɓin zazzafar mirgina mai zafi bai dogara da ƙima mai ƙarfi ba amma akan cikakkiyar yanke shawara mai haɗa kimiyyar kayan aiki da sanin hanyoyin aiwatarwa.. Tushen tushe sun haɗa da:

1. Tsarin Tsarin Alloy da Matsalolin Matsalolin Narkewa

   Ma'anar narkewar tsarki aluminum yana da kusan 660 ° C; da solidus zafin jiki na aluminum gami rage tare da alloying abubuwa. A ka'ida, da farkon mirgina zafin jiki an saita a 0.85-0.90 sau da gami solidus zafin jiki, da zafin jiki na ƙarshe na mirgina a 0.65-0.70 sau da zafin jiki mai ƙarfi. Wannan kewayon yana tabbatar da iyakar filastik abu, ƙaramin juriya nakasawa, kuma ya hana “ƙonewa” (liquefaction a hatsi iyakoki, fatashin, kaifi ƙarfi sauke) lalacewa ta hanyar narkewar ƙananan matakan eutectic. Misali, domin 1050/1060 tsaftataccen Al mai ƙarfi ≈655°C, Ma'aunin zafin jiki na farko na mirgina shine kusan 557-590 ° C, kuma yanayin zafi na ƙarshe ya kasance kusan 426-459 ° C.

2. Zane-zanen Filastik da Tsararren Juriya

   Plasticity na abu da juriya sun bambanta sosai a yanayin zafi daban-daban: ƙananan zafin jiki yana ƙarfafa aikin aiki, skyrockets mirgina karfi, kuma a sauƙaƙe yana haifar da tsagewar gefe; matsanancin zafin jiki yana kaiwa ga ƙananan hatsi, orange kwasfa surface, da wahala wajen kawar da mirgina sanyi na gaba. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi mai nuna kololuwar filastik da juriya na kwaridole ne a zaba, daidaita formability da makamashi amfani.

3. Halayen Recrystallization da Zazzabi na Ƙarshe

   Zazzabi na ƙarshe na mirgina kai tsaye yana ƙayyadad da yanayin ƙarami mai jujjuyawa bayan zafi-zafi: sama da zazzabi tasha recrystallization, tarar, uniform recrystalized tsarin za a iya samu; ƙasa da zazzabi recrystalization, saura aiki hardening, hatsi marasa daidaituwa, kuma sauyin aiki yana faruwa; wuce kima highyanayin zafi yana haifar da haɓakar hatsi mara kyau, rage stamping da tensile Properties. Don gami ba tare da canjin lokaci ba, zafin jiki na ƙarshe ya kamata ya zama 20-30 ° C sama da zazzabi na recrystallization don tabbatar da cikakkiyar sakewa..

4. Matsalolin daidaita Sarkar tsari

   Zazzabi mai zafi dole ne ya daidaita tare da mirgina sanyi na gaba, shafewa, da bukatu mara kyau: e.g., 5052 Da'irar aluminium don kayan dafa abinci na buƙatar zazzabi mai jujjuyawa na ƙarshe wanda ke daidaita ƙimar rage juyi sanyi da kaddarorin zane mai zurfi bayan annealing na ƙarshe.; 8011 da'irori don foil ɗin baturi suna buƙatar sarrafa girman hatsi daga juyawa mai zafi don tabbatar da jujjuyawar sanyi mai bakin ciki da ƙarfi na gaba..

2. Mahimman Saitin Maɓallin Zazzabi Mai Mahimmanci a cikin Cikakkun Tsarin Juya zafi

Kula da yanayin zafi don da'irar aluminium mai zafi mai jujjuyawa ya mamaye dukkan tsari: “Ingot dumama - Na farko Rolling - Roughing - Kammala - Ƙarshe Rolling - Coiling/Cooling.” Kowane mataki yana buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawa da daidaitawa mai ƙarfi.

(I) Ingot Zazzabi Zazzabi: Gidauniyar Zazzabi mai zafi

Ingot dumama shine muhimmin mataki na farko don mirgina mai zafi, da nufin daidaita tsarin, kawar da danniya, da inganta filastik, yayin da ake biyan diyya don faɗuwar zafin jiki daga fitowar tanderu zuwa mirgina na farko.

• Ƙa'idar Zazzabi mai zafi: 0.9Ts < Zazzabi Zazzabi < 0.95Ts​ (Ts shine ainihin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi), tabbatar da rashin konewa da tsari iri ɗaya.
• Ra'ayoyin Magana ta Alloy Grade:
  • 1xxx jerin tsarki Al (1050/1060/1100): 580-620°C, zuw 4-8h (dangane da ingot kauri)
  • 3jerin xxx (3003/3004): 560-600°C, zafi 6-10h
  • 5jerin xxx (5052/5083): 540-580C, zafi 8-12h
  • 8jerin xxx (8011/8079): 570-610°C, zuw 5-9h
• Abubuwan Aiki: Dumama yana buƙatar “jinkirin ramuwar gayya - jiƙan uniform - gajeriyar lokacin riƙewa” don kauce wa oxidation surface da hatsi coarsening; Yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama 10-20 ° C sama da zafin jiki na farko don ramawa don canja wuri da asarar radiation..

(II) Zazzabi Na Farko: Ikon Farawa don Motsi mai zafi

Zazzabi na farko na mirgina yana ƙayyade iyawar nakasar wucewa ta farko kuma yana da mahimmanci don hana fashe baki da tabbatar da mirgina mai santsi..

• Babban Ka'ida: Ba ƙasa da zafin jiki mai mahimmanci na alloy na filastik ba, bai fi zafi zafi ba, daidaita filastik da microstructure.
• Matsakaicin Maɗaukaki na Farko ta Alloy Grade (Ayyukan gama-gari na masana'antu):

• Maɓalli Maɓalli: Yayi ƙarancin zafin farko (e.g., 1060 <450° C) yana haifar da mirginawar farko-farko don wuce iyakokin kayan aiki, cikin sauƙin kai ga ɓarna; yayi girma sosai (>540° C) yana haifar da m hatsi bayan roughing, wahalar tacewa a gamawa.

(Iii) Ragewa da Kammala Zazzabi: Tsarin Sanyaya da Daidaitawa

Juyawa mai zafi yawanci ya ƙunshi jujjuyawar jujjuyawa + ci gaba da ƙarewa. Zazzabi yana faɗuwa yayin aiwatarwa saboda nakasar zafi, radiation, da mirgine sanyaya. Ana buƙatar sarrafawa mai ƙarfi ta hanyar rage ƙimar wucewa, mirgina gudu, da kuma mirgine tsananin sanyi.

1. Sarrafa Yanayin Zazzabi
   • Roughing ya ƙunshi babban jimlar raguwa (yawanci 85% -95%), gagarumin nakasar zafi a wani bangare yana rama faduwa zazzabi.
   • Zazzaɓin Fitar da Gwagwarmaya: 1xxx: 420-460C, 3xxx: 410-450°C, 5xxx: 400-440°C, tabbatar da isasshen filastik don shigarwa cikin kammalawa.
   • Hanyar wucewa: Babban raguwa a farkon wucewar (saurin sanyaya), ƙananan raguwa + sarrafa saurin gudu daga baya ya wuce don daidaita yanayin zafin fita mai tsananin zafi.
2. Ƙarshen Kula da Zazzabi
   • Ƙarshen Yanayin Shiga: 20-40°C kasa da roughing fita zafin jiki (e.g., 3003: 390-470 ° C? Wasiƙa: Wannan kewayon da alama yana da girma dangane da ficewar da aka yi; mai yiwuwa 390-430 ° C an yi niyya).
   • Lokacin Kammalawa: Sarrafa yawan sanyaya (≤50°C/min) ta hanyar daidaita saurin mirgina, tsaka-tsakin tashin hankali, da mirgine kwararar ruwa mai sanyaya don guje wa faɗuwar zafin jiki yana haifar da taurin aiki.
   • Babban Manufar: Tabbatar da zafin jiki a duk lokacin kammalawa ≥ zazzabi recrystallization, share fagen cimma manufa ta ƙarshe.

(IV) Zazzabi na Ƙarshe: Mahimman Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Ƙayyade Abubuwan Samfura

Zazzabi na ƙarshe na mirgina shine ainihin tsarin tsarin zafin mirgina mai zafi, kai tsaye kayyade girman hatsi, inji Properties, da dacewa don aiki na gaba na da'irorin aluminum.

• Babban Ka'ida: 20-30°C sama da alloy recrystalization zafin jiki, ≥0.65 sau solidus ga wadanda ba lokaci-canza gami gami.
• Matsakaicin Zazzabi na Ƙarshe ta Alloy Grade (Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka na Masana'antu):

• Tasirin Juyar da Zazzabi:
  • Yanayin ƙarshe ya yi yawa (e.g., 1060 >380° C): M hatsi (>50μm), ruwan lemu/bawon saman bayan sanyi, ƙara haɗarin fashewar stamping.
  • Yanayin ƙarshe yayi ƙasa sosai (e.g., 5052 <280° C): Saura aikin hardening, hatsi marasa daidaituwa, karfin juyi, mirgina amfani da makamashi ↑ ta wuce 30%.

(V) Zazzabi Mai sanyaya/Sayyida: Sarrafa Ƙarshe don Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa

Matsakaicin sanyaya bayan-zafi-mirgina da zafin jiki na murɗawa yana shafar kwanciyar hankali microstructure da damuwa na ciki.

• Hanyar sanyaya: Ruwa hazo sanyaya + sanyaya iska, ≤50°C/min, guje wa sanyi mai sauri yana haifar da damuwa na ciki da rashin kwanciyar hankali.
• Nadi Zazzabi: 1xxx: 280-320 ° C, 3xxx: 270-310 ° C, 5xxx: 250-290C, tabbatar da tsayayyen tsari kuma babu recrystallization na biyu bayan nadi.

3. Daidaitaccen Saitin Zazzabi don Da'irar Aluminum a cikin Aikace-aikace Daban-daban

Aikace-aikacen da'irar aluminum sun bambanta sosai; dole ne a inganta yanayin zafi daidai bisa amfani da samfur, ba kawai amfani da jeri na gaba ɗaya ba.

1. Kayan dafa abinci/tukwane & Pans Aluminum Circles (5052/3004)
   • Babban Bukatun: High elongation, m zurfin-drawability, ba ruwan lemu.
   • Dabarun zafin jiki: Juyawa na farko 480-510°C, zafin jiki na 280-330 ° C (in mun gwada ƙarancin sarrafawa), kashe hatsi girma; jimlar raguwa ≥93%, gamawa tare da ƙananan raguwa masu yawa don tace hatsi.
2. Rufin Batir/Makunin Rufe Aluminum Circles (8011/1060)
   • Babban Bukatun: Tsarin tsari mai kyau, ƙarfin uniform, dace da m sanyi mirgina zuwa 0.006-0.02mm.
   • Dabarun zafin jiki: Juyawa na farko 490-530°C (in mun gwada da high), zafin jiki na 330-370 ° C (tabbatar da recrystallization); roughing da sauri, babban raguwa; gamawa tare da zafin jiki mai sarrafawa da saurin kwanciyar hankali, tabbatar da girman hatsi ≤20μm.
3. Da'irar Aluminum mai Haske/Ado (1050/1100)
   • Babban Bukatun: Fili mai laushi, high flatness, sauki anodizing.
   • Dabarun zafin jiki: Juyawa na farko 480-510°C, zafin jiki na 340-360 ° C; kula da zafin jiki iri ɗaya, guje wa zafi na gida yana haifar da iskar shaka da bambancin launi.
4. Sassan Mota/Kayan Tsari na Aluminum Circles (5083/6061)
   • Babban Bukatun: Babban ƙarfi, madaidaicin filastik, mai kyau weldability.
   • Dabarun zafin jiki: Juyawa na farko 460-500 ° C, zafin jiki na 300-340 ° C; roughing zafin jiki kula don hana fatattaka, gamawa yana tabbatar da recrystallization, daidaita ƙarfi da elongation.

4. Mabuɗin Mahimman Bayanan Gudanarwa don Saitin Zazzabi Mai Sauƙi

1. Daidaitaccen Ma'aunin Zazzabi da Kulawa na Gaskiya
   • Yi amfani da ma'aunin zafin jiki na infrared don auna ma'auni da yawa: zubar da ciki, na farko mirgina, ficewa tayi, kowane tsayawar ƙarewa, Fitowar mirgina ta ƙarshe, tare da kuskure ≤±5°C.
   • Ƙirƙiri samfurin haɗin gwiwa-mai jujjuya ƙarfin ƙarfi-raguwa don daidaita saurin mirgina da jujjuya sanyaya cikin ainihin lokaci, ramawa don raguwar zafin jiki.
2. Rage Rage Zazzabi da Daidaita Tsari
   • Winter/Rashin zafin yanayi: Ƙara zafin fitarwa da 10-15 ° C, rage asarar sufuri; rage narkar da ruwan sanyi da 10% -20%.
   • Ma'auni mai kauri (>4mm): Yi amfani da babban iyaka don yanayin juyi na farko, ƙananan iyaka don yanayin juyi na ƙarshe, tabbatar da nakasar uniform; Ma'aunin bakin ciki (<2mm): Yi amfani da ƙananan iyaka don yanayin juyi na farko, babba iyaka don yanayin jujjuyawa na ƙarshe, guje wa ƙwaya mara kyau.
3. Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa ) da Yanayin Zazzabi
   • Babban-Mg (5xxx), High-Si (8xxx) gami: Rage zafin farko na mirgina da 10-20 ° C, guje wa hazo mara ƙarancin narkewa; Babban-Mn (3xxx) gami: Ƙara yawan zafin jiki na farko da 5-10 ° C, inganta filastik.
4. Daidaita Iyawar Kayan aiki
   • Juyawa mai zafi niƙa: Babban faɗuwar zafin jiki na tsaka-tsaki yana buƙatar zafin fitarwa mafi girma da ƙara lokacin riƙewa; Ci gaba da zafi tsiri niƙa: Faɗin zafin jiki mai sarrafawa yana ba da izini “ƙananan farkon, barga na ƙarshe” dabarun, tare da ƙananan amfani da makamashi.

5. Matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da yanayin zafi gama gari da Maganin ingantawa

6. Takaitawa: Ma'anar Ma'anar Mahimmancin Saitin Zazzabi

Ma'anar saita zafin mirgina mai zafi don da'irar aluminum shine ma'auni na tsari: “bisa ga gami halaye, wanda aka yi niyya ga kaddarorin samfur, kuma kashe ta hanyar tsari.”

1. Foundation in Theory: Yi amfani da zane-zanen lokaci, zane-zane na filastik, da halayen recrystallization don ayyana iyakokin kewayon zafin jiki, hana konawa da taurin kai.
2. Keɓancewa ta Material: Bambance yanayin zafi na farko da na ƙarshe bisa ga 1/3/5/8 jerin da aikace-aikace yanayin yanayi, dacewa da bukatun aiki.
3. Daidaiton Tsari: Ma'aunin zafin jiki mai ma'ana da yawa da iko mai ƙarfi a duk cikin tsari, diyya don sanyaya, tsarin daidaitawa.
4. Haɗin Haɗin Kai: Haɗin zafin jiki tare da raguwa, sauri, da sanyaya, daidaita ingancin, iya aiki, da kuma amfani da makamashi.

A zahiri samarwa, Dole ne a inganta sigogin zafin jiki ta hanyar ƙananan juzu'i na gwaji, la'akari da yanayin kayan aiki, albarkatun kasa abun da ke ciki, da ƙayyadaddun samfur, don kafa kwazo tsari kwana. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don samar da da'irar aluminum mai zafi mai zafi tare da tsari iri ɗaya, kaddarorin masu yarda, da kyau kwarai surface quality, aza harsashi mai ƙarfi don mirgina sanyi na gaba, komai, da zurfin aiki.