Me yasa tankuna gas da aka yi amfani da su a manyan motoci da aka yi 5083 aluminum gami?

HW-A. Shigowa da: Matsayin Aiki na Tankunan Jiragen Sama da Babban Bukatun Material

Tankunan iska na manyan motoci suna da mahimmancin tsarin tsarin huhu na abin hawa na kasuwanci. Da farko suna adana iska (Matsalar aiki: 0.8-1.2MPa, Tsarin zane: 1.5-2.0MPa) da kuma braking, dakatarwa, da tsarin sarrafa kofa.

Yanayin aikin su yana haifar da manyan ƙalubale guda uku: “matsananciyar damuwa” daga girgizar abin hawa, “lalata mai tsanani” daga hanyar ruwan gishiri da ƙura, kuma “bukata mai nauyi” don inganta ingantaccen man fetur.

Waɗannan ƙalubalen suna ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun kayan aiki: babban ƙarfi (tsayayya da nakasar matsa lamba), high lalata juriya (jure wa hadurran hanya), mara nauyi (yawa ≤2.7g/cm³), da tsari mai kyau (mai jituwa tare da walda / kadi).

A bayyane, 5083 aluminum gami ga manyan motoci aikace-aikace ya zama zabin da aka fi so don manyan tankunan iska. Yana biyan duk abubuwan da ke sama kuma yana riƙewa 85% na kasuwar rabon (tushe: 2024 Rahoton Kayan Motoci na Kasuwanci na Ƙungiyar Masu Kera Motoci ta China).

Hw-b. Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na 5083 Aluminum Alloy don Aikace-aikacen Mota

Wannan babbar mota daraja 5083 aluminum gami na cikin jerin Al-Mg mai lamba 5, musamman tsara don kasuwanci abin hawa high-matsi sassa. Abubuwan da ke ciki sun daidaita “ƙarfi-lalata juriya-tauri” kuma yana bin GB/T 3880.2-2022 da kuma matsayin ASTM B209M.

(A) Zane Na Kimiyyar Kimiyya

Kowane kashi yana yin aikin da aka yi niyya: magnesium yana ƙarfafa ƙarfi, manganese yana inganta iya aiki, chromium yana inganta karko, da kuma kula da ƙazanta suna kiyaye mutuncin tsarin.

(B) Daidaita Maɓalli na Kayan Injiniya da Buƙatun Tankin Jirgin Sama

Wannan na musamman 5083 gami (H112 zafin jiki, na kowa don tankunan iska) yayi daidai da buƙatun tankin iska na manyan motoci. A ƙasa akwai ma'aunin ayyuka masu mahimmanci:

Waɗannan ma'aunin suna nuna daidaitaccen haɓakawa: gawa ba ya sadaukar da wata dukiya don wani, fin karfin sauye-sauye cikin ƙarfi, haske, da karko.

Hw-c. Daidaitawar da aka Niyya na Musamman 5083 Yanayin Aiki Na Gano Zuwa Motar Jirgin Sama

Tankunan jiragen sama suna fuskantar ƙalubale masu tsauri guda uku: matsa lamba, hadaddun lalata, da kuma yanayin zafi. Wannan babbar mota daraja 5083 gami yana magance kowane ta hanyar kaddarorin asali - dalilin da yasa ya maye gurbin karfe da sauran aluminium.

(A) Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Matsi: Haɗuwa A tsaye da Buƙatun Matsi mai ƙarfi

Na farko, Alloy ya yi fice a cikin kwanciyar hankali a tsaye. Tankuna na iska suna adana 0.8-1.2MPa iska na dogon lokaci, don haka tsayin daka “samar da filastik” kuma “rarrafe” yana da mahimmanci.

Ƙarfinsa na 210MPa yana ba da ƙarfi 4.7 aminci factor (vs. iska tanki zane damuwa ≈45MPa). Wannan ya fi na karfe nesa nesa 3.0 dalili, hana nakasawa na dogon lokaci.

Bayan juriya a tsaye, yana da ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Yin birki yana haifar da matsa lamba daga 1.2MPa zuwa 0.6MPa da sake dawowa-haɓaka kayan maye..

Ta ASTM G45, yana kaiwa 10⁷ zagayowar gajiya (rabon damuwa 0.1-0.7σb). Wannan rayuwar zane na shekaru 10 (1.8×10⁵ hawan keke), kawar da gajiyawar fata (kasada ga 6061 gami).

(B) Kariyar Lalacewa: Tsayawa Matsalolin Lalacewar Hanyoyi

A bayyane, wannan gami yayi “kare kai” karan karfe. Tankokin iska na manyan motoci suna fuskantar guguwar ruwan gishiri (5-10% NaCl), ƙurar masana'antu (SO₂, Cl), da gurbacewar hanya.

Tankunan ƙarfe suna buƙatar sake fenti kowane 2 shekaru don hana tsatsa - ƙara farashin rayuwa. Wannan gami yana guje wa hakan.

Na daya, yana da kyakkyawan juriya na rami. Fim ɗinsa yana samar da fim mai yawa na Al₂O₃-MgO (5-10nm lokacin farin ciki) wanda ke toshe ions masu lalata.

A cikin gwajin NaCl, yuwuwar ta (-0.6V vs SCE) 0.1V ya fi girma 5052 kuma 0.3V sama da Q235 karfe. Ƙimar pitting ≤0.01mm / shekara-babu wani muhimmin rami bayan 1000h gishiri - ba a buƙatar ƙarin sutura.

Daidai mahimmanci, yana adawa da SCC. Weld gidajen abinci suna da saura damuwa (≤150MPa), wanda zai iya haifar da fashewa a ciki “danniya + lalata” yanayi.

Godiya ga chromium, yana samar da matakan iyakar hatsin Al₇Cr₂ wanda ke daina zamewa. Ta ASTM G36, Mahimmancin ƙarfinsa na SCC shine 180MPa (sama da saura damuwa)- guje wa hadurran da ba a gyaggyarawa Al-Mg gami.

(C) Canjin yanayin zafi: Rufe Duk-Sharuɗɗan Aiki na Yanayi

kuma an haɗa lissafin da ke ƙara ma rabon iko, Wannan gami yana aiki da dogaro a cikin matsanancin yanayin zafi-wajibi ne ga manyan motoci a yanayi daban-daban. Yana aiki daga -40 ℃ (hunturun arewa) ku 60 ℃ (lokacin rani na kudu ).

Ba kamar karfe ba, yana gujewa “ƙananan zafin jiki brittleness” kuma yana kula da kwanciyar hankali mai zafi.

a -40 ℃, karfin jujjuyawar sa (320MPa) ya dan fi zafin dakin (310MPa). Tsawaitawa (11.5%) sauke ta kawai 4.2% (vs. dakin zafi 12%).

Karfe, da bambanci, yayi asara 50% elongation kasa -20 ℃ - mai saurin tasiri ga fashewa. Wannan ya sa gami da mahimmanci ga jiragen ruwa na arewa.

A cikin 60 ℃ zafi zafi, karfin amfanin sa (205MPa) sauke ta kawai 2.4% (vs. dakin zafin jiki 210MPa). Matsakaicin ƙira ≤2 × 10⁻⁸/s — nesa da Q235 karfe's 5 × 10⁻⁷/s.

Wannan yana tabbatar da babu “kumburi” nakasar ko da bayan tsawaita yanayin zafi mai tsayi.

Hw-d. Kwatancen Zaɓin da Sauran Kayan Aikin Takara: Me yasa 5083 Motar Mota Mafi Kyau?

Don tabbatar da fifikonsa, kwatanta shi da na kowa zabi: carbon karfe, high-ƙarfi low-alloy karfe, sauran aluminum, da bakin karfe. Ƙimar ƙarfi, juriya na lalata, nauyi, farashi, da daidaitawa.

Babban darajar 5083 gami shine kawai abin da ya ƙware a duk fannoni masu mahimmanci. Ya dace da ƙarfin karfe, ya fi shi a cikin juriya na lalata da nauyi, da kuma guje wa sauran aluminium’ kurakurai.

Alhali kudin sa na gaba (28 CNY/kg) ya fi na karfe (5.5-7 CNY/kg), tanadin tsarin rayuwa ya canza wannan. Rage amfani da mai (1200 CNY / mota / shekara) da sifili mai kula da lalata (500 CNY / mota / shekara) sanya shi mai tsada-tsaka-tsaki a ciki 2 shekaru kuma 30% mai rahusa akan 10 shekaru.

Hw-e. Daidaituwar Tsari da Matsayin Masana'antu don 5083 Alloy Air Tanks

Ƙimar kayan aiki ya dogara da iyawar sa. Wannan na musamman 5083 gami ya dace da tsarin tankin iska na gama gari kuma ya dace da ka'idodin duniya-tabbatar da aminci da haɓaka.

(A) Daidaituwa tare da Tsarin Mahimmancin Manufacturing

Na farko, shi dace kadi forming-babban tsari ga iska tank cylinders. Juyawa yana haifar da mara kyau, Silinda mai ƙarfi.

Alloy's ≥12% elongation da ≥0.8 roba iri rabo taimaka “jujjuyawar lokaci guda.” Karfe bukatun 2-3 wucewa.

Bayan kadi, Kuskuren zagaye na silinda shine ≤0.3mm, da kaurin bango uniformity hits 95%. Wannan yana tabbatar da rarraba matsa lamba.

Na gaba, ta weldability ne mai key masana'antu fa'ida. Tankuna na iska suna buƙatar ƙarfi, welds marasa zubewa don haɗa silinda da .

Yana amfani da waldi na TIG tare da ER5356 (5% Mg). Wannan ya dace da abun da ke ciki na gami, guje wa karyewar matakan tsaka-tsaki.

Welded gidajen abinci da 270MPa tensile ƙarfi-87% na tushe karfe. Weld dubawa (Gwajin UT) pass rate ne 99.5%.

Sabanin 6061 gami, babu “rashin cika fuska” ko “porosity” al'amurran da suka shafi - na kowa abubuwan da ke haifar da zubar da tankin iska.

Daga karshe, bayan aiwatarwa da gwaji suna tabbatar da aminci. Bayan forming da walda, tankunan iska suna samun “damuwa taimako annealing” (120-150℃×2h).

Wannan yana rage ragowar damuwa daga 150MPa zuwa ƙasa da 50MPa. Sannan ku zo gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci guda biyu:

• Gwajin Hydrostatic: 1.5× matsa lamba ƙira, 30min rike - babu yabo.

• Gwajin matsewar iska: 0.8MPa, 24h riƙe- saukar da matsa lamba ≤0.02MPa.

Ƙarfafawar juriya na haɗin gwiwa yana tabbatar da shi 100% ƙimar izinin gwajin gwaji - ya fi na ƙarfe nesa nesa 95%.

(B) Yarda da Ka'idodin Masana'antu

A bayyane, tankunan iska da aka yi daga wannan babban darajar motar 5083 gami da cika ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don amfani mai girma.

A cikin gida, yana bin ma'auni masu mahimmanci guda uku:

• GB/T 150.1-2011: Tsaro jirgin ruwa matsa lamba gwamnatoci.

• GB/T 25198-2010: Yana ƙayyade ingancin farantin aluminum don aikace-aikacen matsa lamba.

• QC / t 932-2012: An keɓance da buƙatun tankin iska na manyan motoci.

Na duniya, ya bi:

• Saukewa: ASTM B209M: Standard aluminum takardar takarda.

• ASMIME BPVCCCE A VIII: Lambar jirgin ruwa na matsin lamba na Amurka.

• ISO 15579: Matsayin jirgin ruwa matsa lamba na duniya.

Misali, da QC/T 932, tankunan na iska suna kula da matsewa bayan 50 yanayin zafi (-40℃ zuwa 60 ℃). Tankunan karfe sukan zubar bayan 30 hawan keke saboda rashin daidaituwar haɓakar thermal.

HW-F. Al'amuran Aikace-aikacen da Yanayin Gaba

An tabbatar da ƙimar aikin gami ta hanyar amfani da shi da yawa wajen yin jigilar kaya. Sabbin sabbin abubuwa masu ci gaba za su ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin sa - masu dacewa ga motocin kasuwanci na gaba.

(A) Ayyukan Aikace-aikacen Manyan Manyan Motoci

A halin yanzu, manyan kamfanoni na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje suna amfani da tankunan iska na wannan gami a cikin ƙirar flagship-tare da fa'idodin aiki bayyananne.

Foton Daimler yana ba da manyan motocin aikin sa na Auman EST (460hp) tare da 4 irin wadannan tankuna (80L jimlar). Idan aka kwatanta da tankunan karfe, wannan yana yanke nauyi da 125kg.

Amfanin man fetur ya ragu daga 38L/100km zuwa 35.5L/100km. Don jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya 100 (100,000km/shekara), wannan yana adana man fetur 200,000L a shekara- miliyan 1.6 CNY a farashin yanzu.

Motoci masu nauyi na Volvo FH suna haɗa tankunan wannan gami tare da haɗaɗɗen bututu. Wannan yana rage nauyi kuma yana rage toshewar bututun da ke da alaƙa da lalata.

Kafin alloy, Volvo yana samun raguwar bututun mai a kowane kilomita 100,000. Bayan haɓakawa, wannan ya kai kilomita 250,000 - rage farashin kulawa ta hanyar 60%.

Motocin Kasuwancin Dongfeng sun haɓaka bambance-bambancen kasuwar arewa: “wannan tanki na alloy + ƙananan zafin kai masu jurewa tasiri.”

Wadannan tankuna sun wuce -40 ℃ gwajin tasiri (20J makamashi) ba tare da fasa ba. Tankunan karafa sukan kasa wannan. Yanzu ya zama ma'auni don jiragen ruwa na Dongfeng na arewa maso gabas/arewa maso yamma (lokacin sanyi < -30℃).

(B) Abubuwan Ci gaban Fasaha

Hanyoyi guda uku za su tsara makomar alloy a cikin tankunan iska na manyan motoci: inganta kayan abu, sabon tsarin, da fasaha masana'antu.

Na farko, inganta kayan aiki zai haɓaka aiki. Masu bincike suna ƙarawa 0.1-0.2% scandium (Zick) don yin Sc-gyara 5083 mota gami.

Scandium yana samar da Al₃Sc dispersoids wanda ke tace hatsi kuma yana ƙara ƙarfi. Ƙarfin ɗamara zai iya tashi zuwa 350MPa-ba da damar ganuwar tanki zuwa bakin ciki daga 5mm zuwa 4mm. Wannan yana yanke nauyi da wani 20% yayin kiyaye iyakokin aminci.

Na biyu, Ƙirƙirar tsarin yana faɗaɗa amfani. Zane mai ban sha'awa shine nau'i biyu: “wannan 5083 gami + carbon fiber hadaddun.”

Tsarin gami na ciki yana tabbatar da ƙarfi da juriya na lalata. Layin fiber na carbon fiber na waje yana ƙara ƙarfi. Wannan ya dace da sabbin manyan motoci masu nauyi na makamashi-yana buƙatar ƙarin nauyi don daidaita nauyin baturi.

Na uku, masana'anta na hankali yana inganta daidaito da inganci. Masu kera motoci suna ɗaukar robobin walda na Laser don haɗa tanki.

Waɗannan robots suna aiki a 1.5m/min—3 × sauri fiye da walƙiya ta hannu—yayin da ke tabbatar da daidaiton inganci.. Gano kauri akan layi (1000Samfurin Hz) yana lura da ganuwar a ainihin lokacin.

Tare, wadannan fasahar tashe 5083 alloy air tank cancantar rates daga 95% zuwa 99% - rage sharar gida da farashi.

HW-G. Ƙarshe

a takaice, zabar 5083 aluminum gami ga manyan motoci aikace-aikace don tankunan iska ba hatsari ba ne. Yana daidaitawa “Abubuwan kayan abu, aiki bukatun, da farashin aiwatarwa.”

Abun sa na Mg-Mn-Cr yana ba da fa'idodi masu fa'ida: babban ƙarfi don matsa lamba, juriya na lalata ga munanan hanyoyi, nauyi mai sauƙi don ingantaccen man fetur, da tsari don masana'anta maras kyau.

Sabanin madadin, ba ya yin sulhu akan ma'auni masu mahimmanci - yana mai da shi zaɓi mafi dacewa kuma mai tsada..

Kamar yadda motocin kasuwanci ke motsawa zuwa wutar lantarki da nauyi, aikin wannan alloy zai girma. Tare da gyaran Sc, matasan Tsarin, da kuma masana'anta mai kaifin baki, zai kasance daidai da tankunan gargajiya.

Yana iya ma faɗaɗa zuwa wurin ajiyar hydrogen don manyan motocin dakon mai (tare da mafi kyawun juriya na embrittlement hydrogen).

A gindinsa, dabarar zaɓin gami yana da sauƙi: ya yi daidai da aikin da maki zafi tanki (matsa lamba, lalata, ƙarfin zafi) kuma yana rufe farashin gaba tare da tanadi na dogon lokaci. Wannan cikakkiyar dacewa ta sa ba za a iya maye gurbinsa a cikin motocin kasuwanci a yau-da kuma shekaru masu zuwa.