स्टैम्पिंग योग्यता दर और नियंत्रण रणनीतियों पर एल्यूमीनियम डिस्क की मोटाई सहनशीलता विचलन का प्रभाव

अमूर्त

As the core base material for stamped parts in home appliances, मोटर वाहन, और इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स उद्योग, एल्यूमीनियम डिस्क’ thickness tolerance deviation directly determines the stress distribution uniformity, डाई गैप अनुकूलनशीलता, और मुद्रांकन के दौरान अंतिम गठन की गुणवत्ता. Based on the plastic deformation characteristics of aluminum-discs-on-stamping-qualification-rate, this paper systematically analyzes how thickness tolerance deviations (जैसे, ±0.02mm, ±0.05mm, ±0.10mm) affect key stamping processes such as blanking, ग़हरी कला, और झुकना. It quantifies the variation rules of defect rates (जैसे, खुर, शिकन, dimensional over-tolerance) for stamped parts under different deviation ranges using experimental data. Combined with industry practices, it proposes a full-process tolerance control scheme covering “rolling precision management – online inspection and screening – process parameter adaptation”. Cases show that when the thickness tolerance of aluminum discs optimizes from ±0.08mm to ±0.03mm, the qualification rate of complex deep-drawn parts can rise from 65% प्रति 94%, providing technical support for formulating tolerance standards and improving quality in aluminum disc stamping production.

Aluminum Discs on Stamping Qualification Rate-4
Keywords

एल्यूमिनियम डिस्क; Thickness Tolerance Deviation; Stamping Forming; योग्यता दर; Stress Distribution; Die Gap; Tolerance Control

HW-ए. परिचय

Aluminum discs leverage advantages like low density (2.7जी/सेमी³), excellent plasticity (बढ़ाव ≥15%, up to 30% के लिये 1060 शुद्ध एल्यूमीनियम), and good stamping formability. They are widely used in producing stamped parts such as rice cooker inner liners (3004 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु), car heat sinks (1050 शुद्ध एल्यूमीनियम), and electronic component housings (5052 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु). Stamping forming applies pressure to aluminum discs via dies to induce plastic deformation and achieve the target shape. Its quality highly depends on the dimensional consistency of aluminum discs—especially thickness tolerance. Even minor thickness deviations of aluminum discs can affect the forming process through the “stress amplification effect”: in deep drawing, deviations disrupt the balance between radial tensile stress and circumferential compressive stress, causing wrinkling or cracking; in bending, uneven thickness leads to bending radius deviations and excessive part springback.
In the current industry, aluminum disc thickness tolerance generally follows GB/T 3880.3-2012 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Plates and Strips for General Industrial Use – Part 3: Dimensional Deviations. This standard requires a thickness tolerance of ±0.03~±0.10mm for stamping-grade aluminum discs (adjusted by thickness specification, जैसे, ±0.05mm for 1.0mm-thick discs). हालाँकि, some small and medium-sized enterprises use aluminum discs with excessive tolerance to cut costs, leading to a sharp drop in stamping qualification rates. Industry research shows that when thickness tolerance expands from ±0.03mm to ±0.08mm, the defect rate of complex stamped parts increases by an average of 35%, causing direct raw material waste and higher production costs. इसलिए, clarifying the impact thresholds and mechanisms of aluminum disc thickness tolerance deviation on stamping qualification rates is key to solving this industry pain point.

HW-बी. Core Mechanisms of Aluminum Disc Thickness Tolerance Deviation Affecting Stamping Forming

A.Unbalanced Stress Distribution During Plastic Deformation

The essence of stamping forming is the “uniform plastic flow” of aluminum discs under die action, and thickness tolerance deviation disrupts this balance:
  1. Stress Imbalance in Deep Drawing
During deep drawing, aluminum discs bear both radial tensile stress (σr) from the punch and die, and circumferential compressive stress (σθ) from the blank holder. When aluminum discs have thickness deviations (जैसे, local thickness 0.98mm vs. 0.92mm for a nominal 1.0mm disc), thick areas have larger cross-sectional areas, resulting in lower σr under the same pressure and slower plastic flow; thin areas have smaller cross-sections, leading to higher σr that easily exceeds the material’s yield strength (≈70MPa for 1060 शुद्ध एल्यूमीनियम), causing local over-stretching and cracking. Meanwhile, circumferential compressive stress (σθ) concentrates in thin areas, triggering “circumferential wrinkling” (wavy defects with wavelengths of 5~10mm), as shown in Figure 1.
Experimental data shows: When thickness deviation ≤±0.02mm, the unevenness of σr and σθ distribution ≤8%, and material plasticity can self-adjust to avoid defects; when deviation expands to ±0.05mm, unevenness rises to 18%~22%, increasing cracking risk by 40%; when deviation ＞±0.08mm, unevenness exceeds 30%, causing both wrinkling and cracking.
  1. Springback Deviation in Bending
In bending forming, aluminum disc thickness (लेपित एल्यूमीनियम सर्कल शीट से संबंधित) directly affects bending moment (M=σs×t³/12, where σs = yield strength) and springback (ΔR= (σs×t)/(E×R), where E = elastic modulus, R = bending radius). Thickness deviations cause fluctuations in bending moment: thick areas have larger M and smaller post-bending springback (ΔR); thin areas have smaller M and larger ΔR. उदाहरण के लिए, when bending 1060 aluminum discs at 90° with R=5mm: thickness deviation ±0.03mm results in springback deviation ≤0.1mm (meeting Grade A precision requirements in GB/T 15825.5-2008 Dimensional Tolerances for Stamped Parts); deviation expanding to ±0.06mm leads to springback deviation of 0.25~0.3mm, exceeding the ±0.15mm limit for Grade A precision and causing dimensional over-tolerance.

स्टैम्पिंग योग्यता दर-2 पर एल्यूमिनियम डिस्क

B.Mismatched Die Gap and Thickness Deviation

Die gap (Z) is a key stamping parameter, typically set as “nominal aluminum disc thickness (t0) + maximum material thickening (Δt, ~5%~8% of t0)”, i.e., Z = t0 + Δt. Thickness tolerance deviation breaks this matching relationship:
  1. Excessively Small Gap (Positive Thickness Deviation)
When the actual aluminum disc thickness (लेपित एल्यूमीनियम सर्कल शीट से संबंधित) ＞ t0 + Δt, the die gap Z ＜ t. This creates excessive extrusion friction between the disc and die during stamping, leading to: ① “Scratch defects” on the part surface (depth 0.01~0.03mm), affecting appearance; ② Accelerated die edge wear (30%~50% shorter service life); ③ Local stress concentration, causing “shear cracks” (length 1~3mm) at the die entrance. उदाहरण के लिए, a manufacturer producing 1.2mm-thick 3004 aluminum disc stamped parts set the die gap to 1.28mm. When the positive thickness deviation reached +0.07mm (t=1.27mm), the scratch defect rate rose from 5% प्रति 32%.
  1. Excessively Large Gap (Negative Thickness Deviation)
When t ＜ t0 – Δt, the die gap Z ＞ t. This causes: ① “Burr defects” during blanking (height 0.05~0.15mm), requiring additional deburring; ② Poor control of material flow during deep drawing, increasing circumferential wrinkling risk; ③ Poor part 贴合度 (fit) during bending, leading to “gap springback” (gap between part and die ＞0.1mm). An electronic component factory used 0.8mm-thick 5052 aluminum discs with a die gap of 0.85mm. When the negative thickness deviation reached -0.06मिमी (t=0.74mm), the burr defect rate rose from 8% प्रति 45%, increasing subsequent deburring costs by 20%.

सी. Deviation Accumulation in Multi-Process Stamping

Complex stamped parts (जैसे, ग़हरी कला + flanging + punching) require multiple processes. Thickness tolerance deviations accumulate across processes, further reducing qualification rates:
  • 1st blanking process: Thickness deviation causes diameter fluctuations (±0.05mm) of blanked parts;
  • 2nd deep drawing process: Combined with diameter fluctuations, thickness deviation expands the deviation of the drawing coefficient (m=d/D, where d = post-drawing diameter, D = blank diameter), increasing cracking risk;
  • 3rd flanging process: Pre-process deviations cause flanging height (design value 5mm) to deviate by ±0.3mm, raising the over-tolerance rate from 10% प्रति 55%.
Experiments show that in multi-process stamping, every ±0.01mm expansion of thickness tolerance deviation reduces the final qualification rate by an average of 8%~12%—significantly higher than the 3%~5% reduction in single-process stamping.

HW-सी. Quantitative Impact of Different Thickness Tolerance Deviation Ranges on Stamping Qualification Rate

To define the impact thresholds of thickness tolerance deviation, this study tested three common aluminum disc types—1060 pure aluminum (t0=1.0mm, σs=70MPa, E=70GPa), 3004 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु (t0=1.2mm, σs=150MPa, E=72GPa), तथा 5052 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु (t0=0.8mm, σs=110MPa, E=70GPa)—using the same stamping equipment (200T hydraulic press) and dies (gap set to t0+Δt). The qualification rate changes under different deviation ranges are as follows:

ए. Minor Deviation Range (±0.01~±0.03mm): Qualification Rate Stable Above 95%

This range meets the tolerance requirements for high-precision stamped parts (जैसे, precision car heat sinks, electronic housings). All three materials maintain high stamping qualification rates:
  • 1060 pure aluminum shallow-drawn parts (drawing coefficient m=0.65): 98%~99% qualification rate, with only occasional minor scratches (depth ＜0.01mm);
  • 3004 aluminum alloy deep-drawn parts (m=0.55): 95%~97% qualification rate, no cracking/wrinkling, dimensional deviation ≤±0.1mm;
  • 5052 aluminum alloy bent parts (R=3mm): 96%~98% qualification rate, springback deviation ≤0.08mm (meeting Grade A precision).
The reason: Within this deviation range, the stress distribution unevenness of aluminum discs ≤10%, die gap adaptability ≥95%, and material plasticity can eliminate deviation impacts via “local flow compensation”, resulting in extremely low defect rates.

B.Moderate Deviation Range (±0.03~±0.05mm): Qualification Rate Drops to 80%~90%

This range exceeds the first-class tolerance requirements of some industry standards. Qualification rates decrease gradually with expanding deviation, mainly due to minor wrinkling and dimensional over-tolerance:
  • 3004 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु: Deep-drawn parts are more sensitive to deviations due to higher strength—qualification rate drops from 95% प्रति 82%, with cracking concentrated at the punch fillet (R=2mm);
  • 5052 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु: Springback over-tolerance rate of bent parts rises from 4% प्रति 15%, requiring secondary straightening for some parts.
In industry practice, this range suits low-precision stamped parts (जैसे, ordinary kitchen utensil handles) but requires 10%~15% additional straightening costs, reducing economic efficiency.

सी. Large Deviation Range (±0.05~±0.08mm): Qualification Rate Plummets to 60%~75%

इस दायरे में, stress distribution unevenness exceeds 25%, and die gaps mismatch severely—defect rates rise sharply:
  • 1060 शुद्ध एल्यूमीनियम: Cracking rate of drawn parts reaches 12%~18%, wrinkling rate 20%~25%; some parts have excessive thickness reduction (local thickness ＜0.8mm, minimum design thickness 0.85mm);
  • 3004 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु: Deep-drawn parts barely form, with cracking rates exceeding 30%; die edge wear accelerates, requiring die replacement every 10,000 parts (40% higher costs);
  • 5052 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु: Burr rate of bent parts reaches 35%~45%, springback over-tolerance rate 30%, with a minimum qualification rate of 60%.
A rice cooker inner liner manufacturer once used 3004 aluminum discs with ±0.07mm deviation. This raised the liner cracking rate from 5% प्रति 28%, causing monthly losses exceeding 500,000 yuan—eventually forcing a switch to qualified aluminum discs.

D.Severe Deviation Range (>±0.08mm): Qualification Rate Below 60%, Losing Production Value

इस दायरे में, aluminum discs have extremely poor thickness consistency, leading to comprehensive defects during stamping:
  • Drawn parts: Cracking rate ＞40%, wrinkling rate ＞35%, part scrap rate exceeding 50%;
  • Bent parts: Springback over-tolerance rate ＞50%, burr height ＞0.1mm (failing basic assembly requirements);
  • Multi-process stamped parts: Deviation accumulation reduces final qualification rate below 40%, with frequent production halts for die adjustments (60% lower efficiency).
उद्योग में, aluminum discs in this range only suit low-precision simple parts (जैसे, decorative aluminum gaskets) or require re-rolling to adjust thickness—resulting in poor economic efficiency.

Table 1: Stamping Qualification Rates of Three Aluminum Disc Types Under Different Thickness Tolerance Deviations (t0=1.0mm/1.2mm/0.8mm)

Thickness Tolerance Deviation Range
1060 Pure Aluminum (Shallow Drawing, m=0.65)
3004 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु (ग़हरी कला, m=0.55)
5052 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु (झुकने, R=3mm)
Main Defect Types
±0.01~±0.03mm
98%~99%
95%~97%
96%~98%
Minor scratches (<5%)
±0.03~±0.05mm
90%~95%
82%~90%
85%~90%
Minor wrinkling, dimensional over-tolerance (8%~15%)
±0.05~±0.08mm
70%~80%
65%~75%
60%~70%
Cracking, severe wrinkling, burrs (20%~45%)
>±0.08mm
<60%
<55%
<40%
Comprehensive defects, स्क्रैप दर >50%

Aluminum Discs on Stamping Qualification Rate-3

HW-D. Full-Process Control Strategies for Aluminum Disc Thickness Tolerance Deviation

To control thickness tolerance deviation within a reasonable range and improve stamping qualification rates, a closed-loop control system must cover three links: “upstream rolling – midstream inspection – downstream process adaptation”.

ए. Upstream Rolling: Improve Aluminum Disc Thickness Precision

Aluminum disc thickness tolerance mainly depends on rolling processes, which require optimization through:
  1. Precision Control with Multi-High Roll Mills
Use 20-high Sendzimir mills (3~5 times more precise than traditional 4-high mills) and coordinate three parameters—rolling force, रफ़्तार, and tension—to control rolling thickness deviation within ±0.01mm. उदाहरण के लिए, when rolling 1060 शुद्ध एल्यूमीनियम डिस्क, set rolling force to 500~600kN, rolling speed to 80~100m/min, and tension to 20~30kN. Monitor roll gap changes in real time (precision ±0.005mm) to avoid thickness fluctuations.
  1. Optimize Rolling Temperature and Passes
Aluminum plasticity improves with temperature, but excessive temperature causes uneven thickness. Control rolling temperature at 300~350℃ (1060 शुद्ध एल्यूमीनियम) and 350~400℃ (3004 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु). Allocate rolling passes reasonably: उदाहरण के लिए, roll 1.5mm-thick aluminum strips into 1.0mm discs in 3 passes (0.17~0.18mm reduction per pass) to avoid excessive single-pass reduction (>0.2मिमी) that causes thickness deviation.
  1. Annealing to Eliminate Internal Stress
Rolled aluminum discs tend to rebound in thickness due to internal stress. Conduct low-temperature annealing: 150~200℃ for 2~3h (1060 शुद्ध एल्यूमीनियम) and 200~250℃ for 3~4h (3004 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु). This eliminates internal stress and reduces thickness rebound from ±0.02mm to ±0.005mm.

B.Midstream Inspection: Full-Scale Screening of Qualified Aluminum Discs

  1. Real-Time Inspection with Online Laser Thickness Gauges
Install laser thickness gauges (precision ±0.001mm, inspection speed 1000 discs/h) on aluminum disc blanking lines. Measure thickness at 3 points (center, 1/2 radius, edge) for each disc and automatically reject those with excessive deviation. उदाहरण के लिए, after one enterprise introduced this equipment, the rejection rate of unqualified aluminum discs rose from 5% प्रति 100%, avoiding subsequent stamping waste.
  1. Offline Sampling Re-Inspection and Statistical Analysis
Sample 100 discs per batch and measure thickness at 5 points using micrometers (precision ±0.001mm). Use Statistical Process Control (SPC) to generate thickness tolerance control charts. Only put discs into production when the process capability index Cp ≥1.33 (indicating meeting tolerance requirements); if Cp <1.33, feed back to upstream rolling processes for adjustments.

C.Downstream Process Adaptation: Adjust Stamping Parameters Based on Actual Thickness

When aluminum discs have minor deviations (±0.01~±0.03mm), adjust stamping parameters to further improve qualification rates:
  1. Dynamic Die Gap Adjustment
Adjust die gap Z = t + Δt (Δt=0.05~0.08mm) based on the actual aluminum disc thickness t. उदाहरण के लिए, if t=1.02mm (positive deviation +0.02mm), adjust Z from 1.08mm to 1.10mm; if t=0.98mm (negative deviation -0.02मिमी), adjust Z to 1.06mm to avoid gap mismatch.
  1. Optimize Blank Holder Force and Drawing Coefficient
For thinner aluminum discs, reduce blank holder force appropriately (from 15kN to 12kN) to decrease circumferential compressive stress and avoid cracking; for thicker discs, increase the drawing coefficient slightly (से 0.55 प्रति 0.58) to reduce radial tensile stress and avoid wrinkling.
  1. Adapt Stamping Speed
Thinner aluminum discs have faster plastic flow—reduce stamping speed (से 30 strokes/min to 20 strokes/min) to avoid local over-stretching; thicker discs have slower flow—increase speed moderately (से 20 strokes/min to 25 strokes/min) to improve production efficiency.

HW-ई. Enterprise Application Case Verification

मामला 1: A Car Heat Sink Manufacturer (1060 Pure Aluminum, t0=0.8mm)

  • Problem: Originally used aluminum discs with ±0.06mm thickness tolerance. The stamping qualification rate of heat sinks was only 72%, with main defects including cracking (15%), शिकन (10%), and burrs (3). Monthly scrap costs reached 300,000 युआन.
  • Improvement Measures: ① Upstream: Switch to 20-high mill rolling to control tolerance within ±0.02mm; ② Midstream: Install online laser thickness gauges for full-scale inspection; ③ Downstream: Adjust die gap (from 0.86mm to 0.82~0.84mm) and blank holder force (from 12kN to 10~11kN).
  • Results: Stamping qualification rate rose to 97%, cracking rate dropped to 2%, wrinkling rate to 1%. Monthly cost savings reached 250,000 युआन, with an investment payback period of only 2 महीने.

मामला 2: A Rice Cooker Inner Liner Enterprise (3004 एल्यूमीनियम मिश्र धातु, t0=1.2mm)

  • Problem: Used aluminum discs with ±0.07mm thickness tolerance. The deep-drawing qualification rate of inner liners was 65%, cracking rate 28%, and die service life only 10,000 parts.
  • Improvement Measures: ① Optimize rolling passes (से 2 प्रति 4) to reduce tolerance to ±0.03mm; ② Increase annealing temperature from 220℃ to 240℃ to eliminate internal stress; ③ Adjust drawing coefficient (से 0.52 प्रति 0.55) and stamping speed (से 15 strokes/min to 12 strokes/min).
  • Results: Qualification rate rose to 94%, cracking rate dropped to 5%, and die service life extended to 30,000 parts. Annual cost savings reached 6 million yuan.

Aluminum Discs on Stamping Qualification Rate-1

HW-एफ. Conclusions and Outlook

ए. Core Conclusions

Aluminum disc thickness tolerance deviation has clear impact thresholds on stamping qualification rates: ① Minor deviations (±0.01~±0.03mm) suit high-precision stamped parts, with qualification rates ≥95%; ② Moderate deviations (±0.03~±0.05mm) suit low-precision parts, with qualification rates 80%~90%; ③ Large deviations (>±0.05mm) cause a sharp drop in qualification rates and lose economic value. These impacts occur mainly through three mechanisms: unbalanced stress distribution, mismatched die gaps, and deviation accumulation.

बी. Future Outlook

  • Intelligent Inspection: Develop integrated AI vision + laser thickness measurement systems to realize real-time correlation early warning between thickness deviations and stamping defects, and predict qualification rates in advance;
  • Adaptive Stamping Processes: Use PLC systems to automatically adjust die gaps, blank holder force, and speed based on actual aluminum disc thickness, achieving “one parameter per disc” precision adaptation;
  • New Material Adaptation: Study the correlation between thickness deviation and stamping performance for high-strength aluminum alloy discs (जैसे, 6061) to expand application scenarios of aluminum discs.
Full-process thickness tolerance control effectively improves the stamping qualification rate of aluminum discs, reduces production costs, and provides technical guarantees for the high-quality development of the aluminum processing and stamping industries.

एल्यूमीनियम सर्कल के गुण:

एल्यूमिनियम सर्कल कई बाजारों के लिए उपयुक्त है, कुकवेयर सहित, मोटर वाहन और प्रकाश उद्योग, आदि।, अच्छे उत्पाद विशेषताओं के लिए धन्यवाद:

  • कम अनिसोट्रॉपी, जो गहरी ड्राइंग की सुविधा प्रदान करता है
  • मजबूत यांत्रिक गुण
  • उच्च और सजातीय गर्मी प्रसार
  • तामचीनी होने की क्षमता, PTFE द्वारा कवर किया गया (या अन्य), एनोड किए गए
  • अच्छा परावर्तन
  • उच्च शक्ति-से-वजन अनुपात
  • जंग के लिए स्थायित्व और प्रतिरोध

एल्यूमिनियम सर्किल प्रक्रिया

पिंड/मास्टर मिश्र — मेल्टिंग फर्नेस - होल्डिंग फर्नेस — डी.सी.. कास्टर — पत्थर की पटिया —- स्कैल्पर — हॉट रोलिंग मिल - कोल्ड रोलिंग मिल - पंचिंग - एनीलिंग फर्नेस — अंतिम निरीक्षण - पैकिंग — वितरण

  • मास्टर मिश्र तैयार करें
  • पिघलती भट्टी: मिश्र धातुओं को पिघलने वाली भट्टी में डालें
  • डीसी कास्ट एल्यूमीनियम पिंड: माँ को पिंड बनाने के लिए
  • एल्यूमीनियम पिंड मिल: सतह और साइड को चिकना बनाने के लिए
  • ताप भट्टी
  • हॉट रोलिंग मिल: माँ का तार बनाया
  • कोल्ड रोलिंग मिल: मदर कॉइल को उस मोटाई के रूप में रोल किया गया था जिसे आप खरीदना चाहते हैं
  • छिद्रण प्रक्रिया: आप जो चाहते हैं उसका आकार बनें
  • एनीलिंग भट्टी: मिजाज बदलो
  • अंतिम निरीक्षण
  • पैकिंग: लकड़ी के मामले या लकड़ी के फूस
  • वितरण

गुणवत्ता नियंत्रण

आश्वासन नीचे निरीक्षण उत्पादन में किया जाएगा.

  • ए. किरण का पता लगाना—आर टी;
  • बी. अल्ट्रासोनिक परीक्षण—केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशों;
  • सी. चुंबकीय कण परीक्षण-एमटी;
  • डी. पैठ परीक्षण-पीटी;
  • इ. एड़ी वर्तमान दोष का पता लगाने-ET

1) तेल के दाग से मुक्त रहें, काटने का निशान, समावेश, स्क्रैच, धब्बा, ऑक्साइड मलिनकिरण, ब्रेक, जंग, रोल मार्क्स, गंदगी की धारियाँ, और अन्य दोष जो उपयोग में हस्तक्षेप करेंगे.

2) काली रेखा के बिना सतह, तेज़ बाहर की रेखाओंवालअ, आवधिक दाग, रोलर मुद्रण दोष, जैसे अन्य gko आंतरिक नियंत्रण मानक.

एल्यूमिनियम डिस्क पैकिंग:

एल्यूमिनियम सर्किल निर्यात मानकों द्वारा पैक किया जा सकता है, भूरे रंग के कागज और प्लास्टिक की फिल्म के साथ कवर करना. आखिरकार, एल्यूमिनियम दौर लकड़ी के फूस / लकड़ी के मामले पर तय किया गया है.

  • एल्युमिनियम सर्कल के ऊपर ड्रायर्स लगा दें, उत्पादों को सूखा और साफ रखें.
  • स्वच्छ प्लास्टिक पेपर का प्रयोग करें, एल्यूमीनियम सर्कल पैक करें, सीलिंग अच्छी रखें.
  • सांप की खाल के कागज का प्रयोग करें, प्लास्टिक पेपर की सतह को पैक करें, सीलिंग अच्छी रखें.
  • अगला, पैकेजिंग के दो तरीके हैं: लकड़ी के फूस की पैकेजिंग का एक तरीका है, सतह को पैक करने वाले क्रस्टी पेपर का उपयोग करना; दूसरा तरीका लकड़ी के मामले की पैकेजिंग है, सतह को पैक करने वाले लकड़ी के मामले का उपयोग करना.
  • आखिरकार, लकड़ी के बक्से की सतह पर स्टील की बेल्ट बिछाएं, लकड़ी के बक्से को तेज और सुरक्षित रखना.

हेनान हुआवेई एल्यूमिनियम का एल्यूमिनियम सर्कल. निर्यात मानक को पूरा करें. प्लास्टिक की फिल्म और भूरे रंग के कागज को ग्राहकों की जरूरतों पर कवर किया जा सकता है. इससे ज्यादा और क्या, डिलीवरी के दौरान उत्पादों को नुकसान से बचाने के लिए लकड़ी के मामले या लकड़ी के फूस को अपनाया जाता है. पैकेजिंग दो प्रकार की होती है, जो आंख से दीवार या आंख से आसमान की ओर हैं. ग्राहक अपनी सुविधा के लिए इनमें से किसी एक को चुन सकते हैं. आम तौर पर बोलना, वहां 2 एक पैकेज में टन, और लोड हो रहा है 18-22 1×20′ कंटेनर में टन, तथा 20-24 1×40′ कंटेनर में टन.

201871711520504

हमारा चयन क्यों?

समय के साथ चलने के लिए, HWALU अपनी प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता में सुधार के लिए अत्याधुनिक उपकरण और तकनीक पेश करता रहता है. हमेशा केंद्र और ग्राहक के रूप में गुणवत्ता के व्यापार दर्शन का पालन करें, दुनिया के सभी हिस्सों में उच्चतम गुणवत्ता वाले एल्यूमीनियम डिस्क सर्कल श्रृंखला उत्पाद प्रदान करने के लिए. अधिक …